Historic, Archive Document
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Foreign
Agricultural
Service
FCOF-1^
January 1985
Foreig n Agriculturq^#1 rcu lar
CoffOG FEB 5 -5
World Coffee Situation
WORLD COFFEE SITUATION
Summary and Outlook
The second USDA world coffee crop estimate for 1984/85 is 93.6 million
bags 1/, 1 percent above the June 1984 forecast and 4 percent more than the
1983/5^4 harvest. These figures differ from those released on
December 5, 1984, because estimates for El Salvador and Rwanda have been
revised. Brazil is expected to produce 27 million bags in 1984/85, down 10
percent from last year. Early season conditions have been good for the
1985/86 crop, with favorable weather prevailing throughout the major
coffee-producing states. Colombia's 1984/85 coffee crop estimate is unchanged
from the June forecast, but 2 percent below last year. Most of the major
North and Central American coffee producing countries are expecting
increases. A much larger crop in the Ivory Coast will raise Africa's 1984/85
output 19 percent above 1983/84 while a dramatic turnaround in India will
increase Asia's and Oceania's production by 16 percent.
World coffee exports reached an estimated 67.8 million bags during crop year
1983/84, up 2.9 million from 1982/83. A further 1 .4-mill ion -bag increase in
exports is expected for 1984/85. If USDA's estimates for production,
domestic use and exports by producing countries are correct, world coffee
stocks would increase by 3.2 million bags during 1984/85 to end the year at
48.5 million. In all cases, the stock figures are gross and may, therefore,
contain substantial quantities— possibly as much as 5 million bags— of
non-exportable quality coffee.
T7 Unless indicated otherwise, production and trade figures are given in
terms of 60 kilogram bags (132.276 lbs.). Area is given in hectares (2.471
acres). GBE means "green bean equivalent."
Approved by the World Agricultural Outlook Board - USDA
SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION
World Coffee Production
Most of the coffee produced in the world today can be classified as either
Arabica or Robusta. In 1984/85, about 68.7 million bags or 73.4 percent of
world output will be Arabica, down from 71.2 million or 78.8 percent of the
1983/84 crop. A relatively greater expansion has occurred in Robusta
producing countries over the past 25 years. Within countries which produce
both, such as Brazil, Cameroon and Ecuador, the higher yielding, more disease
resistant Robusta species have been preferred. Estimated output by type has
developed as follows:
: Production Arabica Robusta Other !_/
Crop Year : (1 ,000 bags) — (Percent) — -
1W6T so —
1965/66....: 82,157 79.9 19.8 .3
1970/71....: 59,426 70.0 19.5 .5
1975/76....: 73,109 76.0 23.7 .3
1980/81....: 86,344 73.3 26.4 .3
1983/84....: 90,359 78.7 20.9 .4
1984/85....: 93,608 73.4 26.3 .3
T7 Mainly Liberia.
f,
Exports
World coffee exports are now expected to total 69.2 million bags during crop
year 1984/85, 2 percent over 1983/84. Members of the International Coffee
Organization (ICO) will probably export 58.0 to 59.5 million bags to member
importing countries and 9.5 to 10.5 million to non-member countries. Now that
Cuba has joined the ICO, non-member shipments should total no more than
250,000 bags including 150,000 to members and 100,000 to non-members.
Coffee exports by ICO exporting members in October and November 1984 totaled
only about 46 percent of the October/December 1984 export quota. October
shipments were at the lowest level in six years. Robusta exports for the
month were only 600,000 bags as compared to the 1.6 million bags shipped in
October 1983.
The tightening of ICO control measures to reduce the flow of coffee that is
supposedly destined for non-member countries but seeps back into member
country markets have not had a significant effect on total shipments to
non-members. This could indicate that most non-member shipments are actually
consumed in the non-member country or that the new control measures have not
2
been successful. A number of exporting members are having difficulty
confirming that their non-member exports actually reach the non-member
destination as now required by the ICO.
COFFEE SHIPMENTS TO NON-MEMBER COUNTRIES
(1 ,000 bags)
TToTFeeTeTrs
Exporting Group
jmm
1951 /eg
1983/84
Colombia Mild : 1 ,122 1 ,609 999 1 ,059
Other Mild Arabicas : 1 ,932 2,598 4,861 3,437
Brazil & Other Arabicas....: 2,749 1,681 1,907 3,003
Robustas : 1 ,930 3,097 2,627 2,368
Total 1/ : 7,732 8,984 10,394 9,867
T7 Totals may not add due to rounding
Sales to non-members by Brazil, which had led the fight against such sales,
showed the largest percentage increase. The following were the largest
exporters of coffee to non-members in 1983/84 with 1982/83 comparisons:
TW?787~~ 1983/84 ' '% CTia'hge~
Thousands of Bags
Colombia : 709 836 +18
Costa Rica : 609 571 - 6
Mexico : 1 ,231 852 -31
Brazil : 1 ,735 2,821 +63
Indonesia : 1 ,567 1 ,997 +27
The price spread between coffee sold to members and non-members averaged about
69 cents per pound in 1983/84 up from a 39 cent!/ spread in 1982/83. Price
discounts for non-agreement coffee continue to threaten the smooth functioning
of the agreement as well as the continued participation of existing members.
1/ Oct. -June
3
WORLD CONSUMPTION
Disappearance in importing countries rose only marginally between coffee years
(October/September) 1982/83 and 1983/84 from 56,710,000 bags to 56,952,000
bags. Disappearance is derived on the basis of the data on net imports of all
forms of coffee adjusted for changes in visible inventories.
IMPORTS OF GREEN COFFEE BY SELECTED COFFEE CONSUMING COUNTRIES
(60 kg bags)
Country
Period
1983
1984
Percent
Change
Japan
Jan. /Nov.
3,063,325
3,493,578
14.0
Swi tzerl and
Jan. /Nov.
'91 4, '970
'912'S33
_
0.2
United States....
Jan. /Oct.
13,815,873
15,419,331
+
11.6
West Germany
Jan. /Oct.
6,007,781
5,900,038
1.8
France
Jan. /Oct.
4 '393 ',003
3 ',993 ',237
9.1
United Kingdom...
Jan. /Oct.
i;325;265
i;575,'375
+
18.9
Finland
Jan. /Oct.
893,641
889,728
0.4
Austria
Jan. /Oct.
867'053
723^228
16.6
Netherl ands
Jan. /Sept.
1 ,809,691
1 ,778,859
1.7
Sweden
Jan. /Sept.
1 ,'068,'792
1 ,'126^299
5.4
Denmark
Jan. /Sept.
'599 ',255
'580 ',940
_
3.1
Italy
Jan. /Aug.
2,631 ,000
2,289,000
13.0
Canada
Jan. /Aug.
'913J60
'989; 383
+
8.3
Norway
Jan. /June
316,155
348,433
+
10.2
Bel gium/Lux
. Jan. /Mar.
351 ,608
443,212
+
26.1
Total
18,970,572
40,463,474
+
00
•
CO
SOURCE: Official Statistics and trade sources. Compiled by the George Gordon
Paton and Co. , Inc.
World coffee consumption, according to the ICO, is forecast to rise about 1
percent during 1984/85, bringing total disappearance to about 58.0 million
bags.
4
World Coffee Stocks
Over 90 percent of the world's coffee stocks are still held by producers and
the amount they hold has continued to increase although now there is a growing
concern about quality. Stocks held by producing countries are forecast to
increase by about 3.2 million bags during the current crop year. At this
level stocks represent 53 percent of anticipated world consumption for the
year and 70 percent of exports. The ICO has begun a study to determine what
portion of these stocks are of export quality.
While some countries such as the Ivory Coast were extremely hard pressed to
meet their ICO quota for 1983/84, others with heavy stocks and financial
problems continued to seek outlets in non-ICO markets at substantially reduced
prices. The largest stocks are held by Brazil and Colombia (Table 4).
The location of carryover stocks at year's end is estimated as follows:
Location
Crop Year
1983/84 1984/85
North America, Central
America and Caribbean
(1 ,000 bags)
6,375 6,721
23,210 24,488
12,714 13,838
2,971 3,416
South America
Africa
Asia & Oceania
World Total
45,270 48,463
Inventories in importing member countries of the ICO have decreased from 4.5
million bags on June 30, 1983, to about 3.9 million bags a year later. Stocks
in the United States are estimated to have decreased from 1.2 million bags to
600,000 bags over that period.
U.S. SITUATION
U.S. Imports
U.S. imports of green coffee during October 1973/September 1984 totaled
18.1 million bags, valued at 3.09 bill ion--this is up 6 percent in volume and
17 percent in value from year-earlier levels. The unit import value for
September was $1.31 per pound, compared with $1.20 per pound in October 1983.
A comparison of U.S. imports by countries of origin for coffee years 1982/83
and 1983/84 appears in Table 5.
5
U.S. Coffee Consumption V
The United States is the largest single market for coffee in the world. Data
collected by the International Coffee Organization for its Annual World Coffee
Drinking Study shows a long-term decline in coffee consumption in the United
States on a per capita basis. The following graph shows the trend in cups
consumed per person per day and the percentage of the population drinking
coffee for the past 40 years.
COFFEE CONSUMPTION IN THE UNITED STATES
PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION AND PERCENTAGE DRINKING
1950-84
Horticultural and Tropical Products Division
CoMModi ty Proyrans, FAS, USDA
Source: International Coffee Organization
There was an increase in the proportion of people drinking decaffeinated
coffee from 15.3 percent in 1983 to 17.7 percent in 1984. On the basis of cup
consumption, decaffeinated coffee accounts for 22 percent of all coffee
consumed, about equally divided between regular and soluble coffee. While the
rate of coffee consumption increased for nearly all groups, consumption
continues to be highest among persons in the older age groups. Although
coffee consumption has decreased significantly since 1962, coffee remained the
most popular beverage in 1984, narrowly edging the percentage consuming soft
drinks.
T7 Information in this section is based on the ICO's Coffee Drinking Study,
United States of America, Winter 1984.
6
According to information provided by the George Gordon Patton & Co., Inc.,
from a representative group of United States roasters, the amount of green
coffee roasted in the United States (including the amount used in the
production of soluble coffee) to December 1, 1984, was approximately 102.9
percent of the amount roasted in a comparable period last year and about 100.9
percent of the amount roasted in 1982.
The Bureau of Labor statistics reports the wholesale price of a 1 -pound can of
ground roast coffee during November 1984 averaged $2.58, up from $2.46 per
pound 1 year earlier. Wholesale prices for soluble coffee rose from $7.44 per
16 ozs. in November 1983 to $7.94 for the same month in 1984.
INTERNATIONAL COFFEE ORGANIZATION
On October 1, 1984, member countries of the International Coffee Organization
(ICO) agreed on a system for coffee year 1984/85 (October/September) aimed at
bringing market supply and demand among members into equilibrium at $1.30 per
pound. While producing countries had sought to restrict exports and raise
prices, major consuming countries for whom coffee prices had been artificially
high in view of the large overall world supply, opted for an agreement which
would bring prices back into the middle range of the price band set for
1983/84. For West Europeans and other non-U. S. importers, high coffee prices
have been exacerbated by the strength of the dollar.
Quotas
Under the terms of the agreement reached on October 1, the annual global quota
would be set at 59.0 million bags for 1984/85 within a 54.0-64.0 million bag
range. The ICO's price defense system has an outer range of $1.15-$1.45 and a
preferred inner range of $1.20-$1.40 per pound. When prices rise to or above
$1.40 and remain there for 15 days two additional 1.0 million-bag increments
would be released. A rise to the outer range of the price ceiling would
trigger two more increases of a larger magnitude (1.5 million bags).
Corresponding quota cuts would occur as the market price falls to or below
$1.15 per pound. A system of quota withdrawals and restorations operates
within the outer range of the price defense mechanism. The market price
directed quota system can be suspended if the 15-day moving average of the
Composite Indicator Price remains at or above $1.50075 for (1) a minimum of 30
consecutive market days and all pro rata upward adjustments have been applied,
or (2) for 45 days provided all remaining releases are applied on the date on
which the 15-day ICO indicator price reaches $1.50075.
While global supply/demand equilibrium among member countries of the ICO at
about $1.30 per pound was expected with a 59.0-million bag global quota, the
effective initial annual quota for coffee year 1984/85 was set at 61 million
bags. The 2 million bag increase was regarded as already earned based on the
market price level existing on entry into the new year. One of the two
increases would be withdrawn if the 15-day moving average price fell to or
below $1.35 per pound and the second when it fell to or below $1.30.
7
The new agreement also involved the "front loading" of annual quotas so that
more coffee would be available during the first quarter to overcome a shortage
of Robusta, the result of poor crops among members of the Organization of
African and Malagasy Coffee Producers (OAMCAF). In order to increase the
supply of Robusta available in the market, three non-OAMCAF producers of this
type of coffee were issued export stamps for 35 percent of their annual export
quota for 1984/85 for use during the first quarter. Stamps for an additional
15 percent would be issued for the second quarter with the balance divided for
use during the remaining two quarters. OAMCAF countries are allocated 25
percent of their stamps per quarter. All other basic quota countries received
27.62 percent of their annual allotment of stamps for use during the first
quarter with 24.12 or 24.13 percent to be distributed for use in each of the
remaining three quarters.
On December 13, 1984, the ICO's 15-day moving average indicator price fell to
134.76 cents per pound, triggering an immediate 1 million bag withdrawal from
the 61 -mil lion bag global quota established in September. The withdrawal was
distributed among ICO exporters with a basic quota in accordance with their
percentage shares of the overall quota. (Table 8.)
Market Shares
The percentage formula developed by the ICO whereby, individual member quotas
were to be based 70 percent on export history and 30 percent on stocks, was
again abandoned in favor of an ad-hoc arrangement. Exporting member shares of
the global quota are essentially unchanged from the 1982/83-1983/84
arrangement and will remain in effect for the next two years. (Table 6.) The
arrangement does not favor countries holding large stocks. The bulk
(55,112,500 bags) was allocated to exporting members entitled to a basic
quota, other than Angola, according to procedures shown in Columns (1) to (4)
of Table 7. Column 3 of the table indicates special allocations for 1984/85
totaling 365,000 bags which are not subject to change or to be included as
part of the global quota for purposes of redistributing shortfalls.
Members exempt from basic quotas
Countries exempt from basic quotas, generally those with quotas of less than
400,000 bags and not subject to quota cuts and increases, are authorized
4.25 percent of the initial annual global quota. (Table 9.) The shares are
adjusted to account for changes in membership.
Several countries received special allocations which are not subject to
increases or reductions. These allocations which are shown in column 3 of
Table 9 also cannot be included as part of the global annual quota for
purposes of redistributing shortfalls for individual members. Members exempt
from basic quotas exporting more than 100,000 bags are subject to quarterly
quotas while those exporting 100,000 bags or less can export their entitlement
at any time during the coffee year.
8
Prices
The main reason the United States joined the ICO was to help smooth price
adjustments around a long term price trend, not to establish a cartel to rig
prices. (Figure 1.) The primary concern of U.S. negotiators for coffee year
1984/85 was the establishment of a global quota sufficiently large to put
effective downward pressure on prices and to stabilize them in the mid-range
of the price band. Despite a global quota for 1983/84 of 60.2 million bags
which included four upward adjustments and an initial 700,000 bag increase,
prices remained above $1.40 per pound in terms of the 15-day moving average of
the Composite Indicator Price (CIP) which controls coffee quotas, for much of
the year.
The price situation during 1983/84 was not believed consistent with the longer
term trend. When quotas were reintroduced in October 1980, the indicator
price had fallen from post Brazil frost highs of over $3.26 to about $1.20.
Prices averaged about $1.11 per pound in 1980/81 and about $1.25 per pound in
both 1981/82 and 1982/83. During 1983/84 the 15-day indicator price rose from
$1.25 in October to $1.50 on June 1 with the daily price having reached a high
of $1.56 on May 21. The 15-day CIP was above $1.40 at year's end.
ICO COMPOSITE INDICATOR PRICES
U.S. Cents Per Pound
1981 1982 1983 1984 1/
Unwashed Arabicas : 179.6 143.7 142.8 150.9
Colombian Mil ds : 145.3 148.6 141 .6 149.3
Other Mi Ids : 128.1 139.9 131.7 146.0
Robustas : 102.9 111.1 124.1 139.8
Composite 2/ : 115.5 125.5 128.0 142.9
T7 Jan. /Sept, average.
A number of factors appear to have contributed to the higher prices in 1983/84
including (1) severe problems with coffee quality in Brazil, (2) weather
related crop shortages and transportation problems in a number of the major
Robusta producing countries, and (3) an increasing concern about the existence
and export quality of stocks in many exporting countries. The prospect of
frosts in Brazil traditionally heighten concern over access to stocks during
the June-August period. In addition to the fundamental supply and demand
factors, the psychological element of buyers and sellers both trying to
establish their positions in the market based on expectations also contributed
to the higher prices.
There was surprisingly little market reaction to the 1984/85 arrangement.
Prices remained stable at around $1.40 for the first two months of the new
year with much of the strength coming for the "Other Milds" coffees. New York
9
market prices for these coffees were kept from rising by heavy Colombian
offerings at slightly above this level. Brazil has had to lower its price to
large roasters in order to speed up lagging quota market sales. However, it
was a weakness in the London Robusta market which triggered a decline in the
15-day composite indicator price in December and a 1 -mill ion bag cut in the
global quota on December 13th when the $1.35 per pound level was reached.
(Table 11.)
Cuba and Zambia Become ICO Members
At its September 17-October 1 Council meeting the ICO approved the admission
of Cuba as an exporting member. Cuba will have a quota of 150,000 bags for
1984/85 and 160,000 bags for 1985/86. Cuba, which produces Arabica coffee,
had formally requested a much larger amount, but the working group on
accession believed the levels authorized were more nearly in line with Cuba's
current coffee trade patterns. The bulk of Cuba's exports are expected to go
to Spain under a bilateral trade agreement between the two countries. Cuban
membership could eventually lead to the membership of the USSR, since the USSR
left the ICO shortly after Cuba more than a decade ago.
Zambia has also been provisionally accepted into the ICO as an exporting
member exempt from basic quota. It will also be classified as an "Other Mild"
Arabica producer with annual export quotas of 5,500 bags for 1984/85 with the
possibility of an increase for 1985/86.
Entry of these two countries raises exporting membership to 50 countries and
reduces non-member production to less than one-half percent of total world
output.
Basket Quota
For coffee year 1984/85 ICO importing members can receive a maximum of 441,706
bags from non-members, down from the 507,619 bag limit applicable for
1983/84. Imports into the United States for the current coffee year will be
limited to 74,710 bags and must be imported from February 1 to September 30,
1985. The United States does not plan to have a basket quota program after
this year. The Federal Republic of Germany, Netherlands, Japan and Singapore
will also reduce voluntarily the amount of coffee to be imported by them from
non-members below the authorized levels for 1984/85 as shown in Table 10.
Undershipments and Shortfalls
In part, the high prices in 1983/84 can be attributed to undershipments during
the year by producer members regardless of intent. To deal with this the
Council approved new rules concerning the identification of undershipments
along with the declaration and distribution of shortfalls. At the end of the
second and third quarters the Executive Director of the ICO will consult with
member countries whose shipment fall short of their entitlements to determine
if they can meet their quota obligations. If not, the Executive Board would
take appropriate action. Exporting members would be encouraged to declare
10
possible shortfalls as soon as possible. Declared shortfalls v/ould be
redistributed to other members of the same group able to increase its exports,
on a pro-rate basis. Countries with undeclared shortfalls at year's end would
be penalized by quota reductions the following year.
Tegucigalpa Group
Producers of "Other Milds" of Latin America plus Colombia and Brazil met in
May 1984 to form the "Tegucigalpa Group" to coordinate policy on green coffee
sales to countries outside the ICO. At a later meeting in Mexico City
December 3-4, 1984 they indicated a desire to raise the green coffee price to
at least the $1.20 floor price of the ICO indicator price range. On an
interim basis there was agreement that minimum prices for Colombian coffee
should be 85 cents per pound f.o.b., 82 cents for "Other Milds" and 79 cents
for Brazils. Members of the "Tegucigalpa Group" were scheduled to meet with
officials from the major Robusta producing countries Indonesia, Ivory Coast,
and Zaire at the ICO meeting in London in January 1985 to encourage their
participation.
lACO
The Interafrican Coffee Organization (lACO) held its 24th annual meeting
November 13-16, 1984 in Kampala, Uganda. They resolved to strengthen ties as
a voting bloc within the ICO in order to gain increased influence over world
coffee trade.
ICO Executive Board
The Executive Board of the ICO held its first regular meeting of the new year
January 10-11, 1985, to review the market situation, operation of the quota
system, controls on exports to non-members, stock verfications, and a number
of other issues.
PRODUCTION AND TRADE IN SELECTED COUNTRIES
Costa Rica : New census data indicate that around 6,500 hectares of new coffee
have been added in recent years with about half of the area already in
production. Because good coffee land is limited, increased plantation density
is also being used as a means of increasing output. In 1984/85, favorable
weather, increased fertilizer use and improved pruning techniques more than
offset some premature berry drop caused by the fungus disease Cercosbora
Coffeicola. Rust is not expected to effect production in a major way, but
labor and chemical costs are increased by the need to treat the plantations.
The growth in Costa Pican production has not been matched by its ability to
find markets. If Costa Rica is unable to improve on its sales volume, it will
end 1984/85 with over 1.3 million bags of coffee stocks, up 400,000 bags from
the preceeding September 30.
11
Over the last three years the general concensus has been that El Salvador's
long-term productivity was being jeopardized by the lack of new plantings and
poor management practices. However, National Coffee Institute (INCAFE)
officials now report that new plantings are again occurring at levels almost
sufficient to maintain current production levels. The larger 1984/85 crop,
however, mainly reflects improved weather conditions.
Preliminary data, shown below, indicate total exports increased slightly
between 1982/83 and 1983/84.
ICO Markets Destination
1982/83
1 ’ 983/84
— 60 kilogram bags —
United States
972,242
1 ,238,994
Federal Republic of Germany..
685 ',526
'774',071
Japan
116,002
149,687
Canada
27 ',21 6
Belgium & Other
404,738
74 ',238
Non-ICO Markets
711,492
679, 79A
Total
2,890,300
2,944,000
Major non-ICO markets in 1983/84 were East Germany, Poland, Romania, Egypt and
Israel .
Total exports may decline to 2.8 million bags during 1984/85 if shipments to
non-ICO countries cannot be maintained.
Heavy rains that fell in late September and October did little damage to the
Guatemal an coffee crop, most of which is grown on mountain slopes where
drainage problems are minimal. Dense planting is now reaching down to the
middle level and smaller producers and has permitted growers to increase
output from the same or less area, thereby decreasing per unit production
costs. Higher yields in combination with good coffee prices during 1984 made
it possible for Guatemalan producers to increase their use of fertilizer as
well as putting them in a better position to control coffee bean borer damage
and coffee rust.
In Honduras , rainfall and temperature patterns were generally favorable for
the 1984/85 crop, while coffee rust and broca damage were minimized by fairly
effective control programs financed by the Honduran Coffee Institute
(IHCAFE). Since 1977, IHCAFE has also been involved in a project to diversify
over 2,000 hectares of marginal coffee into the production of other crops
including cocoa, pepper, allspice, cardamon, macadamia nuts, pineapple,
rubber, citrus, and plantains.
12
Sliqhtly higher yields are now expected to boost Mexico's 1984/85
(October/September) coffee crop 2.5 percent above last season. Although
limited sunshine caused a delay in the maturation of the current year's
harvest, bean size and quality are expected to be good.
Coffee is Mexico's most important agricultural export commodity, accounting
for 47.5 percent of the sectors foreign exchange earnings in 1983. The 2.9
million bags Mexico exported in 1983/84 were enough to allow it to complete
its ICO mandated quota and ship 860,000 bags to non-members market. The
United States normally takes 60 percent or more of Mexico's exports. Hungary,
East Germany and Czechoslovakia are the principal non-member markets.
In Brazil , overall dehusking yields in the three major producing states of
Parana, Sac Paulo and Minas Gerais support a production estimate for the
country's 1984/85 (July/Oune) coffee crop of 27.0 million bags.
Based on initial field observations the Office of the U.S. Agricultural
Counselor in Brazil believes the 1985 (1985/86) harvest will reach
30.0 million bags distributed by states as follows:
States
Parana
Sao Paulo
Minas Gerais
Other
TOTAL
Millions of Bags
9.0
10.0
4.5
WJJ
Despite the relatively high costs of inputs including credit, an attractive
Government support price led growers in general to take good care of their
coffee trees. This, in combination with overall good flowering followed by
excellent cherry setting and the absence of significant disease or insect
problems, are the basis for the 1985 coffee forecast.
Attractive support and market prices are believed to have led to a small
scale, privately financed expansion in Brazil's overall coffee tree population
from 3.7 billion trees in 1983/84 to 3.775 billion in 1984/85 and to 3.8
billion in 1985/86.
During the 1983/84 coffee marketing year, Brazil exported 18.7 million bags of
coffee including the green equivalent of 1.9 million bags as soluble coffee.
For 1984/85 exports are projected to total 18.0 million bags.
In 1983/84 Brazil was able to meet its ICO quota by offering bonus and special
price discounts to its major buyers mainly the large roasters in the United
States and Europe. Since September export sales have lagged well below quota
levels. In an effort to make Brazil's coffee more competitive in the world
market, the Brazilian Coffee Institute lowered its "Contribution Quota" or
export tax by $10 per bag to $68 effective December 12, 1984. However, the
13
reduction was more than offset by a 10 to 15 percent rise in domestic market
prices in anticipation of the move. The IBC subsequently negotaited sales
contracts with major U.S. and European importers which will lower the real
price for Brazilian coffee from $1.20 per pound in 1984 to $1.15 in 1985.
Contracts can include a maximum 20 percent Robusta and 80 percent or more
Arabica. The real selling price will be based on the average price between 60
percent Central American coffee and 40 percent African Robusta, up from 35
percent last year. The term guarantee against market price reductions of up
to 20 cents per pound has been increased from 40 to 60 working days from
shipment.
Brazil has reportedly sold China 100,000 bags of coffee at a discount of $78
per bag. An additional 12,000 bags will be delivered free-of-charge for
promotional purposes to help develop coffee drinking among the Chinese.
The IBC has announced the main points of the Government's 1985 coffee policy
to be:
1) Implement a new export quota distribution system which will likely
increase the shares of the grower's cooperatives.
2) Give additional support to growers now regarded as the highest risk
sector of the Brazilian coffee industry.
3) Operate from a position of crop surpluses rather than of shortages.
4) Improve the efficiency of the domestic processing industry and
increase domestic coffee consumption.
Heavy rains and cloud cover in late October and early November in Colombia
reportedly reduced the 1984/85 coffee harvest by up to 10 percent. Damage was
primarily the result of bean drop although it was also expected to affect
flowering for that portion of the bean crop harvested between April and July
1985.
Because institutional credit has not been available for establishing new
plantations for several years, the area in coffee remains relatively unchanged
at 1.01 million hectares. Yields on traditional plantations averaged close to
450 kg per hectare in 1983/84, compared to improved plantations without shade
at 1,550 kg/ha. Yields were up for all three sectors because weather
conditions were generally favorable, especially during blossoming in major
producing areas. Also fertilizer use was more extensive despite higher
prices, and there was some improvement in tree care by growers apprehensive
about coffee rust. At the end of September 1984, one year after first being
discovered in Colombia, rust affects about 2.0 percent of the total coffee
area. Crop quality was reportedly better in 1983/84 than in 1982/83 because
more water was available on farms for the washing of coffee cherries which
helped to reduce acidity.
Marketing year 1983/84 exports are officially placed at nearly 9.97 million
bags, 8.6 percent higher than a year earlier. Exports to non-ICO members at
836,446 bags were 18 percent higher. Sales to non-ICO markets could fall
14
during the current year, more than offsetting any gains to markets within the
ICO. The typical non-member agreement involves barter arrangements with
Eastern Bloc countries especially Czechoslovakia. Most of Colombia's major
ICO export markets are in West Europe.
A major part of the coffee purchased by the Coffee Growers' Federation (CGF)
but not sold is held by ALMACAFE (the CGF marketing agency). Growing stock
levels are becoming an increasingly difficult financial burden for Colombia's
National Coffee Fund. At the end of the current marketing year (1984/85)
stocks are expected to total 13.6 million bags, up from 12.7 million bags at
the end of 1983/84. All stocks currently held are believed to be of export
quality, maintained in that condition by a rotational withdrawal system
administered by ALMACAFE.
Colombia plans to stabilize future production at between 12.0 and 13.0 million
bags on the best coffee lands, and to the extent national funding is
available, implement Project Prodesarrollo under which over 200,000 hectares
of marginal coffee will be converted to crop, livestock, and forestry uses.
Renovation by pruning or replacement of older less productive plantations with
the new high yielding, rust resistant variety "Colombia" are now the major
objectives for the main producing areas. Special lines of credit in
increasing amounts have been opened for these activities from the Agricultural
Financing Fund (FFAP).
Peru's coffee exports in 1984/85 may be down somewhat from the 982,000 bags
exported last year due to a reduction in demand from some non-member
countries, especially Argentina. However, as a partial offset, Peru may sell
coffee to the Soviet Union under a bilateral agreement designed to reduce its
debt to that country provided a satisfactory arrangement can be reached on
prices.
Ecuador's 1984/85 (April /March) coffee crop estimate is up 12 percent from
1983/84. Yields of both Arabica and Robusta coffees have rebounded sharply
from the torrential rain depressed levels of the past two years. Mew coffee
plantings are known to have occurred in the Amazon basin (Oriente Province).
While Ecuador is known primarily for its Arabica, most of the new planting
have been to the higher vi el ding Robustas and Robusta output now exceeds that
of Arabica. A prohibition on exports to ICO non-members during the last two
quarters of coffee year 1983/84 (April -September 1984) has been lifted and
non-member shipments should increase.
Cameroon ' s 1984/85 coffee crop got off to an excellent start under favorable
weather conditions— well distributed rains interspersed with good periods of
sunshine. Output could reach a record 2.1 million bags, nearly double the
disappointing drought reduced harvest of 1983/84. Cameroon's coffee area is
estimated at 400,000 hectares of which about 55 percent is Robusta and
45 percent is Arabica. While coffee's area is thought to be gradually
expanding, competition of cropland for food is a significant constraint for
Cameroon, as it is for much of Africa. New census data, now being developed.
15
are expected to show substantial growth in Robusta's share. Robusta trees
mature earlier, bear heavier, and are more profitable. The problems of
Cameroon's overage Arabica trees are accentuated by the loss of crop area to
urbanization and the lack of a fertilizer well adapted to the soil conditions
in the areas where Arabicas are grown.
Coffee production estimates for the Ivory Coast have been lowered from 5.0 to
4.833 million bags for 1984/85 (October/September) , and from 1.92 to 1.417
million bags for 1983/84. The drought-reduced 1983/84 harvest was catastropic
with output down 69 percent from 1982/83. Eastern production areas suffered
the most with losses of up to 75 percent. More favorable weather conditions,
the up year of a two-year production cycle, and the continuing rejuvenation of
overaged coffee trees are the main reason for the improvement expected in
1984/85.
The Ivory Coast nearly depleted 1983/84 carryin stocks totaling nearly 1.4
million bags in an effort to meet its ICO quota for the year. Only an
estimated 429,000 bag carryover of poor quality beans was available on
October 1, 1984 against a quota of 1,090,704 bags for October/December 1984.
Farmers were being encouraged to harvest and deliver their coffee to
processing mills during the first quarter of the crop year rather than waiting
until January -February so that the country could take advantage of favorable
market prices for Robusta coffee and meet its ICO quota for the quarter.
Crop quality dropped dramatically during 1983/84. Some cooperative groups
overestimated the production of their members in order to obtain a larger cash
advance for crop purchases and then were forced to make up the shortfall with
substandard cherries. Government extension agents will now work more closely
with the farmers to insure proper bean collection and conditioning.
About 92 percent of Indonesia's coffee area is cultivated by small holders.
Among the estate sector which constitutes the remaining area, 44 percent are
state-owned and the balance private. Existing estates are mostly located in
East Java, but some are in Central and South Sulawesi. Since the government's
main concern is now quality rather the quantity, the planting of coffee is
discouraged in areas where other crops could be grown. The average yield of
coffee in Indonesia is about 500 kg/ha. Through increased tree density,
improved cultural and harvesting practices, and the modernization of
processing methods among small holders, the government hopes to move the
average toward the target level of 800 kg/Ha.
For 1984/85, Indonesia's coffee exports are expected to decline slightly
because the Indonesian Association of Coffee Exporters (AEK) has proposed that
Indonesia decrease its coffee exports to non-ICO countries in part to support
coffee prices and in part to insure an adequate domestic supply.
The United States remains Indonesia's largest coffee buyer. For the period
January-July 1984, 39 percent of all exports were shipped to the United
States. As of September 1, 1984, export surcharges of 1.67 percent and 3.85
percent, respectively were placed on Arabica and Robusta bean exports.
16
Based on post blossom estimates, the 1984/85 (October/September) Indian coffee
crop could reach a record 2.83 million bags, including 1.40 mill ion bags of
Arabica and 1.43 million bags of Robusta. The cyclical biennial bearing
tendency of the coffee tree is also responsible for the anticipated record, up
1.16 million bags over the drought affected crop harvested in 1983/84.
The Coffee Board, in its 7th Five Year Plan, has targeted a growth rate of 5.5
percent per year with output at 3.0 million bags by the terminal
year--l 989/90. In order to reach the goal, area will be expanded by 50,000
hectares, including 20,000 hectares in traditional coffee areas and 30,000
hectares in non-traditional areas. There are an estimated 242,000 hectares in
coffee this year, up from 234,000 in 1983/84.
India ' s short crop in 1983/84 marginally reduced exports, including soluble
coffee, to 1.12 million bags versus 1.14 million bags the previous year. Due
to the expectation of a record crop for 1984/85, exports for the year are
forecast at 1.5 million bags. About half of the sales will be made to
countries outside the ICO under bilateral agreements, principally the Soviet
Union. In large measure India controls its ability to export to non-members
by price and the level of its export duty. There are no export duties on the
small quantity of instant coffee exported.
C. Milton Anderson (202) 447-2252
17
TABLE 1
CJFFEE, GKEBI: TOTAL PRODUCTION IN SPECIFIED COUNTRIES - AVERAGE 1975/76-1979/BO. ANNUAL 19BU/BI-19B4/85 1/
(IN THOUSANUS OF 60 KILO BAGS. Z/\ U
I6I0N ANO COUNTRY : AVERAGE : ; : t I
: 197S/76-1979/S0 t 1930/31 : 1981/82 : 1982/85 ; 1985/84 l 1984/85
IRTH ANERlCAt
COSTA RICA.........
. 1*485
2*140
1*732
2*500
2*070
2*150
CU9A... ............ ......
. 519
544
333
350
580
575
SONtNtCAN REPUBLIC.......
. 906
1*112
ISO
1*100
800
900
CL SALVADOR......
. 2*857
2*940
2*186
5*100
2*517
5*000
GUATCNALA....
. 7*454
2*702
2*833
2*510
2*540
2*800
HAITI
. 538
4aS
494
674
680
A2S
HONDURAS.................
9o9
1*265
1*200
1*800
1*950
1*800
JAMAICA..................
. 24
20
23
30
53
40
NIIICO
. 5*898
5*882
5*900
4*330
4*170
4*480
NICARAGUA.................
. 928
953
950
1*257
710
1*000
PARANA....................
. 92
142
120
151
143
190
TRINIDAD-T09 AGO.... .......
. 44
48
44
23
50
50
UNITED STATES.....
. 188
243
211
247
195
229
TOTAL NOBTH ANCRICA....
. 14*480
14*214
15*494
18*112
15*778
17*579
lUTH ANCRICAs
90LIVIA....
. , 120
145
155
155
150
180
9RAIIL.............. ......
. 1 a* 580
21*300
33*000
17*750
50*000
27*000
C0L0N8IA.
. 10^832
13*500
14*542
1 1* 500
15*000
12*800
ECUADOR
. t*C85
1*517
1*792
1*800
1*180
1*590
GUTANA
. 18
26
26
25
25
25
PARAGUAY..
. 81
150
229
271
280
500
PERU
. 1*053
1*170
1*100
1*100
1*270
1*150
VENEZUELA
. 938
1*109
1*107
791
1*150
1*075
TOTAL SOUTH AMERICA....
. 52*588 59*097
51*751
35*192
47*255
44*058
ERICA:
angola.
. 731
55#
592
530
280
500
3ENIN
. 9
38
17
SO
55
50
aURUNDI......
. 355
515
750
540
595
592
CANCROON
. 1*490
1*959
1*993
1*929
1*058
2*117
CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC.
. 183
277
234
518
ISO
290
CONGO* BRAZZAVILLE.......
. 51
40
18
52
15
40
eduatorial guinea........
. 15
15
20
29
10
IS
ETHIOPIA.................
. 2*975
5*284
5*212
1*870
I* 700
5*800
GA90N.... .......... ......
. 5
8
15
29
35
40
GHANA....................
. 45
27
IS
23
25
25
GUINEA
. 87
112
84
85
80
70
IVORY COAST
. 4* 394
8*090
4*180
4*510
1*417
4*853
KENYA....................
. 1*424
1*701
1*489
1*541
2*093
1*090
LIBERIA
. 139
147
185
159
155
195
PADAGASCAR....... ........
. 1*123
1*150
1*305
1*000
1*500
1*200
NALAUI...................
. 3
7
10
18
27
19
NIGERIA
. S3
52
52
45
42
40
RUANDA...........
. 428
508
502
577
538
500
SIERRA LEONE.............
. 142
187
178
233
180
Its
TANZANIA..................
885
1*080
959
1*033
930
900
TOGO
. 139
183
223
284
275
280
UGANDA. ....j..... .........
. 2*180
2*153
2*883
1*200
5*400
5*900
ZAIRE (CONGO*<>..........
. 1*245
1*528
1*425
1*554
1*480
1*950
ZIN9AH.C..................
. 74
98
82
117
147
180
TOTAL AFRICA...........
. 18*147
21*417
20*213
20*878
17*983
21*527
IIA:
INDIA.....................
. 1*924
1*977
2*940
2*170
1*870
2*830
INDONESIA.......
. 4*017
5*585
5*783
4*750
5*150
5*300
NALATSIA
. 154
139
148
159
185
180
PHILIPPINES
. 818
944
1*087
1*000
990
1*089
THAILAND.................
. 120
201
277
527
500
529
vietnan... ....... ........
. 85
70
»0
80
80
80
TENEN* ARAN RfP. ..........
. 4S
57
59
90
SO
90
TOTAL ASIA.............
. 8*928
3*753
9*932
8*318
$*SS5
9*834
lEANlA:
NCU CALEDONIA.............
10
10
10
10
10
PAPUA NCU GUINEA ....,
. 725
853
480
891
950
1*000
total OCEANIA..........
. 734
343
640
901
980
1*010
mmmmmmmwm
)RLO TOTAL
75*134 88*544 98*082 85*J«« 90*559 95*808
CoffM*mrtart1n9lmf"l^iM «iteM Octo^n^ uii aJiHi' or July iii 'o'thtr«. y xaZ-nr^auHtt.
ITE: ProOvctlen MtlRStofl for xo» couMrlos Inclu^ cAsi-mrOor mraaMts.
URCE: Prsotrod or RStIrateO on tNo Bools of official statistics of forolgn govomsants, otNor forol^i soorco oatorlals, roports of U.S. Agricultural
itachas anO Forolgn Sorvleo Officors, results of offleo rrssasxN, and rolatod InfOnsstlon.
>"***nr ISSS Forolgn Production Estlnatos 01 vision, FAS/USUA
18
TABLE 2
COfFEE. GHEEN: EXPORTABLE PROOUCTIOH IN SPECIFIED COUNTRIES - AVERAGE 1975/76-1979/80. ANNUAL 1980/81- 19M/85
(IN THOUSANUS OF 60 KILU BAGS. Zj\
TEStON auo C0UNT4T
: AVERAGE :
; 197S/76-1R79/10 :
1*80/81
: t
z 19S1/92 :
1932/31 i
1983/84
1994/89
iONTH *<tEFIC«t
COST* TICA. .............
.. 1*772
1*912
1*139
2*077
1*817
2*113
C'JsA
• • ••
mm
•—
••
mm
mm
OO’ttNICA't Ac«U4L:C......
.. All
622
535
900
498
995
€L SALVADOR
.. 2*047
2*740
2*486
2*9C0
2*117
2*800
CUATE1ALA. ..............
.. 2*131
2*161
2*128
2*199
2*000
2*240
HA ITt..... ....... .......
.. 129
240
264
434
419
173
HOHOURAS.. ....... .......
.. 342
1*149
1*080
1*676
1*422
1*448
JANAtC A...... ...........
.. 13
3
11
18
21
27
HfttCO..........
.. 2* 10*
2*162
2*430
2*930
2*470
2*780
NIC A* ASU A. ..............
.. 646
S4*
833
1*157
610
900
RAN AH A. ....... ..........
.. 26
77
34
93
74
82
TAtNIDAD-TOa AGO... ......
.. 10
24
26
1
10
9
UNITED STATES...........
• •
••
••
••
—
total NORTH ANERTCA...
.. 11*10*
12*164
11*948
14*173
11*874
11*411
ummmmmmmmmmmwunmmmMmmmmmmmmm»ummmm9
1
■
1
1
south ANSPICAt
BOLIVIA
.. 3*
111
100
11*
113
121
RAA21L.
.. 1 0* S40
13*100
24*300
9*750
21*300
18*100
COLONHIA, ...............
.. 9*266
11*673
12*492
11*443
11*140
10*911
ECUADOR
.. 1*273
1*2*7
1*362
1*560
1*133
1*290
SUT AN A........... .......
mm
1
1
3
3
1
RARAGU AT..... ...........
.. 60
106
207
249
237
277
REHU
.. 303
*2*
642
640
1*043
•40
VENEZUELA...............
.. 164
1*
31
—
223
71
total SOUTH ANERICA...
.. 22*238
27*642 3**787
23*969
13*420
12*141
AFRtCAj
ANGOLA..................
.. 712
343
130
287
214
293
^cNtN.... ........ .......
.. R
IS
16
49
34
49
dURUNOl... ..............
.. 134
114
72*
137
392
191
CA.NEROON... ...... .......
.. 1*462
1*926
1*915
1*904
1*012
2*092
central AERICRN REPUHLIC
.. 134
260
26*
2*8
117
231
CONGO* >raz:aville......
.. SO
19
33
11
34
19
EOUATORZAL guinea
.. 1
mm
•»
1
IS
20
ETHtORIA................
.. 1*2P0
1*644
1*3*6
2*040
2*030
1*919
GAION
• • 4
7
14
28
14
39
.. 14
23
31
18
20
20
GUINEA..................
.. 6l
104
18
3*
14
44
IVORT COAST.............
.. 4*112
4*024
4*093
4*445
1*132
4*741
RENTA...................
.. 1*177
1*4J4
1*301
2*049
1*000
Lt>E At A.. ....... ........
.. 113
141
13*
133
129
144
aaoasascar.... ..........
.. RA2
984
1*112
821
1*120
1*017
•ALAWt
.. 1
2
10
16
27
33
NIGERIA
• •
—
• -
—
••
.. <.26
104
>00
174
313
499
SIERRA LEONE............
.. 117
142
1/1
229
174
179
TANZANIA................
.. 822
1*041
*3*
1*011
930
880
TOGO
.. 136
1*4
224
281
274
279
UGANDA ..................
.. 2*143
2*0*0
2*840
1*134
1*151
1*452
ZAIRE <C9NG0*O. ........
.. 1*090
1*344
1*240
1*169
1*293
1*190
ZINNAIUE................
.. 63
83
72
107
139
171
total arnica...
.. 13*764
19*0*7
17*849
18*324
19*419
18*912
ASlAt
INDIA...................
.. 1*0*1
1*090
t«39*
1*147
498
1*830
INOONESIA....
.. 2**81
4*137
4*610
1*434
4*010
4*100
HALATSIA
.. 12
••
••
—
MN
RH|LXR*INES.....
.. 171
312
572
400
118
410
THAILAND................
.. 21
83
191
191
199
ISO
VISTNAN.... ...... .......
.. 12
33
23
29
29
23
TENEN* ARAN REP.........
.. 38
47
4S
40
40
40
TOTAL ASIA............
.» 4*44*
5*904
7*022
3*499
9*230
4*589
OCEANIAi
HER CALEDONIA...
mm
.. 712
937
664
374
•31
983
TOTAL OCEANIA.........
.. 712
■••••••••••••••••••••••I
«57
■•••a
664
874 4S5
r— a a—iwai
983
rfORLO TOTAL.. 54.271 4««0*4 77*170 •ZaPNT 49*0«4 72*032
y CoffM ■rfcatlnq :^r btoint sbout Octobar In tarn csuRtrlM wid Abril or July In otiMrt. ExportabU productloN rtprusoNU total harvaatao productloH
Nlmis astiNBtad doMtlc coNiunptlaR. y IS. 276 poiMNt.
NOTE: ProtetloN attlaatas for soaa couatrlw Includo cross-borOor aovoMots.
SOURCE: PraparNd or astlaatad on tha baals of official sUtlstIct of foraloa goiiir—Nti. otbar foralga sourca aataHal. raporu of b.S. Agricultural
Attachaa aad Foralga Sarvica Officara, raaults of off lea raaaareh. aad ralatai iNfbraatloN.
JiNuary 1985 Horticultural aad Tropical Producta Ulvlaloa. FaS/bSuA
19
JO^IO COFFFE SUPPLY AND D I S T P I 3 U T I ON 1 ')6 1 -1 P 3
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20
HORTICULTUPAL 'AND TROPICAL PRODUCTS DIVISION
DECEM3ER 1934 COMMODITY PROGRAMS/ FAS/ USDA
TABLE 4
WORLD COFFEE SUPPLY AND DISTRUBUTION, 1984/flS V
(In Thousands of 60 Kg Bags)
Country
: Beginning
: Stocks
Production
Imports :
Total
S/D
Exports
Domestic
: Use
Ending
Stocks
Costa Rica....
. . . : 901
2,350
3,251
1,762
235
1,254
375
275
650
'250
400
. . . : 660
900
1 ,560
600
305
655
...: 1,475
3,000
2,600
41475
2,770
200
1,505
...: 910
3,510
2,300
340
P70
Haiti
...: 40
'625
...
’665
400
250
15
...: 1,181
1,600
• ••
2,781
1,200
13?
1 .449
...: 10
40
2
■ 52
30
13
9
...: 1,015
4,480
1,000
5,495
3,100
1,700
695
, . . : 40
...
li040
850
100
90
...: 35
150
185
65
68
52
...: 7
30
4
41
13
21
7
...: 101
229
90
420
300
120
6,375
17,379
371
24,125
13,340
4,064
6,721
...: 37
160
187
120
37
30
...: 8,714
27,000
35,714
18,000
10,000
8,500
9,214
...: 12;686
12;800
25,486
1 ,B65
13,621
Ecuador
...: '765
1,550
...
2;315
1,480
260
'575
25
25
3
7?
Para<fuav
...: 187
300
...
487
200
73
264
Pftni
. . . : 530
1,150
1,680
950
210
520
. . , : 301
i;073
i;374
no
1,000
264
Total
...: 23,210
44,058
67,268
30,863
11,917
74,488
Angola,**.....
. . . : 843
300
1,143
400
45
698
R#n1n..'.
50
...
50
49
1
...
Burundi
....: 220
392
612
470
1
141
....: 908
2,117
250
1
3,026
255
1,750
25
1,751
Cent. Af. Rep.
: 5
234
15
6
Congo
: 5
40
45
37
1
7
Eguat. Guinea*
35
• ••
35
20
15
...
Ethiopia
2,334
3,600
40
...
5,934
1.650
1,665
7,619
Gabon
40
39
1
...
Ghana
. . . . : 40
25
...
65
25
5
35
Guinea
45
70
115
68
6
41
Ivory Coast. . .
: 429
4,833
1 ,050
...
5,262
4,484
70
708
Kenva
,...: 1,402
2,452
1.533
50
869
Liberia
: ■ 40
155
5
200
150
7
43
Hadaoascar. . . .
: 879
1,200
...
7,079
970
183
976
Malawi
....: 7
35
...
42
26
...
16
: 25
40
127
192
35
135
72
; 70
500
...
570
500
1
69
Sierra Leone.,
: 1
185
...
186
175
6
Tanzania
900
1,417
060
70
447
TOQO
I.::; 25
280
3,500
■305
7,306
P,620
223
775
7,700
1,150
136
ib
Uganda
3,806
48
700
9
4,668
1,770
78
Zaire
. : 1 ,070
1,550
180
Zimbabwe
....: 43
Total
...: 12,714
21,327
133
34,174
17,826
7,510
India
1 %r ^ w
. . . :
J,83fl
5,300
180
1,089
325
60
50
3,356
6,887
380
1,619
429
60
50
1,SW
4,000
80
410
160
25
40
” V,flM
1,200
255
679
145
35
10
Indonesia
1,587
1 ,687
46
530
124
Malaysia
... : ’40
160
Phlllippines..
. . . : 530
Thailand
...: 101
3
Vietnam
Yemen Arab Rep
—
...
Total
2,784
9,834
163
12,781
6,715
3,324
3,742
New Caledonia.
10
1,000
10
1,187
10
17
Papua>N Guinea
...: 187
—
996
174
Total
187
1,010
1,197
996
77
174
WORLD TOTAL...
...: 45,270
93,608
667
139,545
69,240
21,842
48,463
y Forecast.
Coffee marketing year begins about October In some
countries
and April or
July In others.
January 1985
Horticultural and Tropical Products nivlslon, FAS/USPA
21
TABLE 5
U.S. ItVCRlS or ccms BI TXPBS and COPPBS years (OCnSat/SBPTBeER) 1982/83 AW 1983/84
(In 60 KUograa Bagsr Gimh aaan Bquivnlant)
1985781
155375?
Groan
: Roastad/
Ground
: Solubla 1/
Total
Glean
: Roaatad/
Ground
: solubla ^
Total
COLOmiAN MILD8
mlni^4ji ,
1,797,797
17,320
11
56,736
1,871,853
313,496
15,449
2,U7,181
193,068
9,717
80
63,269
28180^530
Kflnya. ..........
313^485
5
TimcMi^a
15,443
6
433
10,150
••••••••••••
2,126,725
17,337
56,736
2,200,798
2,319,966
85
63,702
2,383,753
oran NiiDS
Hunpidi
93r38€
93,386
243,841
432,160
925,177
1,188,338
8U,907
154,948
194,257
195,325
U,446
296,519
468,545
1,002,356
1,185,720
1,069,818
U8,464
328,945
170,467
ana
1,693,243
2,563
53,971
11 116
Rtca
213)676
431,855
8U,348
1,166,085
809,272
154,948
194,257
195,325
996
30,165
305
396
10,218
947
165
90
884
306,737
470,517
1,096,796
1,204,174
1,071,180
U8,464
329,026
Ooninican Rspubllc..
Ecuador.............
113,433
U,434
1,294
1,025
94,275
18,364
478
Bl Salvador
SuatoMla. ..........
819
2,341
Haiti
HnnAirM.
81
2,168
377
179,392
India...............
172,635
1,199
1,876,080
2,571
53,971
63,U2
544,683
96,312
89,355
24,000
Janaica ............ .
669
32
l)697
1,549,476
19,086
46,356
43,378
459,602
207,307
11,406
471
27,211
14
3,445
8
Harioo. ............ .
1,414,860
5,873
46,356
43,378
454,754
207,307
U,406
471
27,2U
124,528
7
10,088
13,206
p«" ■■■ .....
Papua NSW Gulnaa....
Pmru« ....... a. ^ a. ^
1,036
3,8U
63)112
544,419
94,363
86,078
24,000
264
THm0»Am .
1,949
vwMSuala. ......... .
.
3,277
Yaaan Arab Rapublic.
—
—
6,282,764
160,266
163,299
6,606,329
7,214,837
197,599
U9,822
7,532,258
UNWVSaED ARABICAS
Rolf Vi A
18,193
3,593,344
552,113
108,688
18,193
4,488,353
552,113
108,688
3,975
3,975
4,522,307
418,342
SCAXXX* aabsaabababaa
RfehinpiA
25,161
869,848
3,623,504
418,082
152,802
58,530
840,273
260
DAPAf^tAy
152,802
Total
4,272,338
25,161
869,848
5,167,347
4,198,363
58,530
840,533
5,097,426
poaasns
73,562
179,015
7,560
23,204
1,096,435
613,043
35,529
155,350
30,255
73,562
179,015
7,560
23,204
1,101,445
613,097
35,529
155,355
30,255
4,992
66,165
28,8U
1,147,633
1,205,509
22,775
82,802
6,622
4,603
241,722
4,992
66,180
28,811
1,149,470
1,205,509
22,775
82,802
6,622
Canaroon ........... .
15
Cantral Afr. Rap....
—
—
Indonasia
Tunry
5,010
54
1,837
f<-i*’prta.
HAdtAIJAArvAir
5
Malarais
Nigaria
Phi 1
335,132
96,687
22,266
103,359
141,536
10,904
1,055,016
38,224
1,222
336,354
96,687
22,266
103,375
141,536
10,904
1,055,016
38,229
1,309
243,031
190,553
17,634
94,042
188,340
4,035
643,522
Siorra Leona........
190)553
17,634
94,036
188,340
Sri TAnlcA
'Tt\*i ImvI
2
14
6
Togo ------
Trinidad & Tobago* «•
ogmla
—
—
4,035
643,522
2alr*
5
■ ■ --
9,559
29
9,588
4,017,077
6,244
68
4,023,389
3,959,313
3,196
3,962,509
cmat cooHiRiBS 3/....
394,582
13,343
66,009
473,934
430,694
16,667
66,814
514,175
WRU) TOTAL.
17,093,486
222,351
1,155,960
18,471,797
18,123,173
276,077
1,090,871 19,490,121
1/ convoraion rata i ib* 80ltibl«*3 IM* graaPa
non-firoducing oountriaa in waatarn Buropa*
^ convaraion rata i lb. soiubia-2.6 ib*. graon. 3/ nainiy
SOQRCS: OBDA
January 198S
22
Horticultural and Tropical Products Division, PAS/OSDA
TABLE 6
SHARE IN INITIAL ANNUAL QUOTA OF EXPORTING MEMBERS
ENTITLED TO A BASIC QUOTA AND EXEMPT FROM BASIC QUOTAS
COFFEE YEARS 1984/85 AND 1985/86
Exporting Member
entitled to a basic quota
Share of
annual quota
Exporting Member
exempt from basic quotas
Share of
annual quota
(1)
(i)
TOTAL (with Angola)
TOTAL
100.00
TOTAL (without Angola)
100.00
Members other than OAMCAF
70.96
Coloatbian Milds
19.94
Sub-total: Members exporting
100 000 bags or less (without OAMCAF)
21.13
Colombia
16.13
Kenya
2.46
Equatorial Guinea
0.84
Ghana
2.11
Tanzania
1.35
Jamaica
1.05
Other Milds
23.16
Malawi
0.98
Costa Rica
2.14
Nigeria
3.07
Panama
2.76
Dominican Republic
0.94
Sri Lanka
2.26
Ecuador
2.15
Trinidad and Tobago
1.43
El Salvador
4.44
Venezuela
3.36
Guatemala
3.44
Zimbabwe
3.27
Honduras
1.48
India
1.23
Sub-total: Members exporting
Mexico
3.62
more than 100 000 bags (without OAMCAF)
49.83
Nicaragua
1.27
Bolivia
4.60
Papua New Guinea
1.15
Guinea
4.20
Peru
1.30
Haiti
16.79
Liberia
5.46
Brazilian and Other Arabicas
33.15
Paraguay
4.56
Brazil
30.55
Sierra Leone
9.83
Ethiopia
2.60
Thailand
4.39
Robustas
23.75
OAMC/^
29.04
Indonesia
4.51
(a) Members exporting
100 000 bags or less
5.57
OAMCAF
(11.85)
Cameroon
2.71
Benin
2.21
Ivory Coast
7.68
Congo
1.68
Madagascar
1.46
Gabon
1.68
Philippines
0.89
(b) Members exporting
Uganda
4.40
more than 100 000 bags
23.47
Zaire
2.10
Central African Republic
11.19
Angola
Togo
12.28
Burundi and Rwanda
Burundi
Rwanda
23
Statistics on Coffae
International Coffee Organization
TABLE 7
COrm TEAS 1984/85
EXPORTING MEMBERS ENTITLED TO A BASIC QUOTA
INITIAL ANNUAL QUOTA PLUS TWO INCREASES
(60 kilo bags)
Exporting Hanbar
Share of
annual quota
aa approved by
Resolution
No. 335
( percent )
Amount
corresponding
to share
in col.(l)
Special
allocations
(Resolution
No. 335)
Initial
annual quota
col.(2)*(3)
Two increases
in quota
of 1 m. bags
each
distributed
on basis of
col.(l)
Initial
annual quota
plus increases
col.(4)+(5)
(1)
(2)
(J)
<45
(55
(65
TOTAL (with Angola)
55 187 500
305 000
55 492 500
2 000 000
57 492 500
TOTAL (without Angola)
100.00
54 807 500
305 000
55 112 500
2 000 000 1/
57 112 500
Colombian Hilda
19.94
10 928 615
10 928 615
398 800
11 327 415
Colombia
16.13
8 840 450
8 840 450
322 600
9 163 050
Kenya
2.46
1 348 264
1 348 264
49 200
1 397 464
Tanzania
1.35
739 901
739 901
27 000
766 901
Ocher Hilda
23.16
12 693 417
130 000
12 823 417
463 200
13 286 617
Costa Rica
2.14
1 172 881
45 000
1 217 881
42 800
1 260 681
Dominican Republic
0.94
515 190
515 190
18 800
533 990
Ecuador
2.15
1 178 361
1 173 361
43 000
1 221 361
El Salvador
4.44
2 433 453
2 433 453
88 800
2 522 253
Guatemala
3.44
1 885 378
1 885 378
68 800
1 954 178
Honduraa
1.48
811 151
45 000
856 151
29 600
885 751
India
1.23
674 132
25 000
699 132
24 600
723 732
Mexico
3.62
1 984 032
1 984 032
72 400
2 056 432
Nicaragua
1.27
696 055
696 055
25 400
721 455
Papua New Guinea
1.15
630 286
15 000
645 286
23 000
668 286
Peru
1.30
712 498
712 498
26 000
738 498
Brazilian and Other Arabicas
33.15
18 168 686
25 000
18 193 686
663 000
18 856 686
Brazil
30.55
16 743 691
16 743 691
611 000
17 354 691
Ethiopia
2.60
1 424 995
25 000
1 449 995
52 000
1 501 995
Robuscas 1/
23.75
13 016 782
150 000
13 166 782
475 000
13 641 782
Indonesia
4.51
2 471 818
25 000
2 496 818
90 200
2 587 018
OAMCAF
(11.85)
(6 494 689)
(6 494 689)
(237 000)
(6 731 689)
Cameroon
2.71
1 485 283
1 485 283
54 200
1 539 483
Ivory Coast
7.68
4 209 216
4 209 216
153 600
4 362 816
Madagascar
1.46
800 190
800 190
29 200
829 390
Philippines
0.89
487 737
487 787
17 800
505 587
Uganda
4.40
2 411 530
100 000
2 511 530
88 000
2 599 530
Zaire
2.10
1 150 958
25 000
1 175 958
42 000
1 217 958
Angola
380 000
380 000
380 000
y Excludaa Angola which ia ooc subject Co incroaaaa and roducciotis
24
Statiitics on Coffee
International Coffee Organization
TABLE 8
COFFEE YEAR 1984/85
INITIAL ANNUAL Q.UOTA PLUS ONE INCREASE AND QUARTERLY Q.UQTAS
- in bags of 60 kilos -
Initial annual
quota plus one Quarterly Quotas
Export ina Member
increase of one Oct. /Dec.
million bags 1984 1/
Jan, -Mar.
1985
Apr. -June
1985
July -Sept.
1985
TOTAL
60. 000. 000
16. 152. 248
14. 223. 856
14. 864. 295
864. 303
Sub-total: Members
entitled to a basic quota
57. 220. 678
15.352,717
13. 529, 023
14, 169, 466
169. 472
Colombian Milds
11. 128, 015
2.931.553
2, 371,412
2. 732. 154
2. 732. 153
2.732. 155
Colombia
9, 001, 750
2, 210, 113
2, 210, 112
2,
210, 113
Kenya
1, 372, 864
361, 666
337, 066
337, 066
337, 066
Tanzania
753, 401
198, 475
184, 975
184, 975
184, 976
Other Milds
13. 055. 017
1, 239, 281
3. 437, 452
3, 205. 856
304, 470
3, 205. 852
3,
205. 857
Costa Rica
325, 870
304, 470
304, 471
Dominican Rep.
524, 590
138, 197
128, 798
128, 797
128, 798
Ecuador
1, 199, 861
316,090
294, 590
294, 590
294, 591
El Salvador
2, 477, 853
652, 763
608, 363
608, 363
608, 364
Guatemala
1,919, 778
505, 744
471, 345
471, 344
471, 345
Honduras
870, 951
228, 838
214, 038
214, 038
214, 037
India
711,432
187, 083
174,783
174, 783
174, 783
Mexico
2, 020, 232
532, 208
496, 008
496, 008
496, 008
Nicaragua
708, 755
186,714
174, 014
174, 014
174, 013
Papua New Guinea
656,786
172, 821
161,322
161,321
161,322
Peru
725, 498
191, 124
178, 125
178, 124
178, 125
ErazH. & oth. Arabicas
18. 525. 186
4. 879. 922
4, 491, 423
4. 548. 422
4. 548. 422
4,
548. 420
Brazil
17, 049, 191
4, 185, 923
4, 185, 923
4,
185, 922
Ethiopia
1, 475, 995
388, 499
362, 499
362, 499
362, 498
Robustas
14. 512. 460
380,000
4. 103. 790
95, 000
3, 042. 591
95, 000
3.683,039
95, 000
3r
683, 040
Angola
95, 000
Indonesia
2, 541, 918
860, 356
388, 053
646,754
646,755
OAMCAF
7, 341, 367
1, 746, 467
1, 864, 967
1, 864, 967
1,
864, 966
Philippines
496, 687
130, 847
121, 947
121, 947
121, 946
Uganda
2, 555, 530
865, 835
389, 930
649, 882
649, 883
Zaire
1,196,958
405, 285
182, 694
304, 489
304, 490
Sub-total: Members
exempt from basic quotas
2.779,322
799. 531
694. 833
694, 829
694, 831
Note: !_/ Includes one increase of 1. 0 million bags.
25
TABLE 9
COFTEE YEAR 1984/85
EXPORTING MEMBERS EXEMPT FROM BASIC QUOTAS
INITIAL ANNUAL QUOTA
(60 kilo bags)
Special
Share of
allocations
Initial
annual quota 1/
Amount of
(Resolution
annual quota
Exporting Member
(percent)
annual quota
No. 335)
col(2)+(3)
' (i)
(2)
(3)
un
INITIAL ANNUAL QUOTA
TOTAL - including Burundi and Rwanda
3
447
500
60 000
3
507
500
TOTAL - excluding Burundi and Rwanda
4.25 percent of global annual
quota of 59 million bags
100.00
2
507
500
60 000
2
567
500
Members other Chan OAMCAF
70.96
1
779
322
60 000
1
839
322
Sub-total: Members exporting
100 000 bags or less (without OAMCAF)
21.13
529
835
40 000
569
835
Equatorial Guinea (R)
0.84
21
063
21
063
Ghana (R)
2.11
52
908
52
908
Jamaica (A)
1.05
26
329
26
329
Malawi (A)
0.98
24
574
24
574
Nigeria (R)
3.07
76
980
76
980
Panama (A)
2.76
69
207
10 000
79
207
Sri Lanka (R)
2.26
56
670
10 000
66
670
Trinidad and Tobago (R)
1.43
35
857
35
857
Venezuela (A)
3.36
84
252
10 000
94
252
Zimbabwe (A)
3.27
81
995
10 000
91
995
Sub-total: Members exporting
more than 100 000 bags (without OAMCAF)
49.83
1
249
487
20 000
1
269
487
Bolivia (A)
4.60
115
345
115
345
Guinea (R)
4.20
105
315
105
315
Haiti (A)
16.79
421
009
421
009
Liberia (R)
5.46
136
910
136
910
Paraguay (A)
4.56
114
342
10 000
124
342
Sierra Leone (R)
9.83
246
487
246
487
Thailand (R)
4.39
110
079
10 000
120
079
OAMCAF (R)
29.04
728
178
728
178
(a) Members exporting
100 000 bags or less
5.57
139
668
139
668
Benin
2.21
55
416
55
416
Congo
1.68
42
126
42
126
Gabon
1.68
42
126
42
126
(b) Members exporting
more than 100 000 bags
23.47
588
510
588
510
Central African Republic
11.19
280
589
280
589
Togo
12.28
307
921
307
921
Burundi and Rwanda (A)
940
000
940
000
Burundi
470
000
If
470
000
Rwanda
470
000
2/
470
000
Percentages in Annex 2 of Che Agreement adjusted for Equatorial Guinea and Jamaica.
See Resolution number 335 and Annex Table 1
2/ See sub-paragraph (a) of paragraph (6) of Article 31 of the AgrecsMnt
A ” Arabics R “ Robusca
26
Statistics on Coffee
International Coffee Organization
TABLE 10
LIMITATION ON IMPORTS BY IMPORTING MEMBERS FROM MON-MEMBERS
COFFEE YEAR 1984/85
Importl nq Member
Average
Imports
1980/81-1982/83
Non-member Import
limitation
1983/84
Maximum limits :
to be applied :
1984/85 :
Adjusted Import
limitation
1984/85 4/
TOTSE
4W "OT9 ”
507,619
441 .706
“ 429,053
U.S.A.
74,710
109.150
74,710
74,710
E.E.C.
143,800
122,854
115,838
113,441
6e1 O'! um/Luxembourg
48,165
23,027
23,027 (L)
23,027
Denmark
18,182
18,566
18,182 (A)
18,18?
France
9,996
11,405
9,996 (A)
8,996
Germany, F.R. of
7,009
5,990
5,990 (L)
4,884
Greece
1,587 1/
1,661*
1,611 (D*
1,611
Ireland
648 ~
747*
747 (D*
747
Italy
39,505
44,728
39,505 (A)
39,505
Netherlands
14,997
12,908
12,908 (L)
11,617
United Kingdom
4,241
3,872
3,872 (L)
3,872
Other Members
236,099
275.615
251.158
240,90?
Australia
1,652
1,652*
1 ,652 (D*
Austria
4,504
4,654
4,504 (A)
4,504
Canada
1,473
1,805*
1,805 (D*
1,805
Cyprus
0
148*
148 (D*
148
Fiji
0 2/
4*
4 (D*
4
Finland
3,236
2,770
2,770 (L)
2,770
Japan.
23,024
24,933
23,024 (A)
22,440
New Zealand
444
576*
576 ID*
576
Norway
7,269
7,717
7,269 (A)
7,269
Portugal
9,891
9,932
9,891 (A)
9,891
Singapore
96,732 1/
98.641
96,732
87,060
Spain
86,647 ~
79,578 3/
79,578 (L)
79,578
Sweden
122
240 ~
240 (D*
240
Swi tzerl and
18,064
16,060
16,060 (L)
16,060
Yugoslavia
15,283
6,905
6,905 (L)
6., 905
*Thls latest decis'lon does not automatically apply to importing members whose current annual non-member
Import limitation Is less than 2,000 bags. 1/ 1981/82 and 1982/83 only. 2/ No data for 1980/81 to
1982/83. 3/ Adjusted for the accession of Tquatorlal Guinea. (A) LImItaTlon determined by average
Imports 1910/81 to 1982/83. (L) Limitation determined by 1983/84 Import limitation. 4/ After voluntary
reductions.
SOURCE: International Coffee Organization
January 1985 Horticultural and Tropical Products Division, FAS/USDA
27
1984 ICO COMPOSITE INDICATOR PRICE (1979 ARREEMEMT)
(U.S. CENTS PER POUND EQUIVALENT)
TABLE 11
o
CV CO
^ CM
VC If
if.if.
^co
or
o.
coif.
o
CM
1 1
VC CO
a If.
^ 1
1 vr
c^.c
r*^if.
1 1
COP-
oo
oc
1
1 1
1 oc
OCC^
1 1
VC
c
u
1 1
• 1
1 •
1 1
1
1 1
1 •
1 1
a;
1 1
r*-r^
VC VC
VC 1
1 if.
if. ID
1 1
^ CO
CO
1
1 •
• CO
coco
1 1
if.
Ci
coco
CO CO
CO
CO
coco
CO C'-.
coco
coco
CO
CO
coco
r".
CO
.
'
'""
■“
' ^
«Q-ro
i^ir
CM ID
CM
ID CO
r— CO
CMf—
r-
VC
r-o
CM
•
co^
1 1
If.
o.#—
CO 1
1 VC
O CM
LDCv
1 1
Of—
1
^ 1
1 ^
ooc
^p
c
>
1 1
• 1
1 •
1 1
1
• •
o
VC VC
1 1
O' VC
VO
1
1
f^OC
ococ
1 1
oco.
o>
1
O 1
1 3.
3.00
ococ
oc
A
coco
coco
CO c^.
CO
CO
CO CO
coco
coco
CO
CO
CO
coco
coco
CO
r— ^
CVJVC
ccc^
c
CM
ID o
r^CM
1^3.
ooo
K
Lf.^
cor^
ooo
CO
•
a.ro
oc^
O 1
1 VC
CM Cl
ID CO
1 1
occ
00 oc
1
1 oc
3C
oo
1 1
t !■
CM
oc
1 •
1 1
• 1
1
1 1
• •
0'0^
00 oc
ec 1
1
r^vc
VO VC
1 1
VOID
Lf/LD
ID 1
• ID
LDVO
VO VC
1 1
vovo
VO
VO
Q>
roro
coco
CO
CO
CO CO
coco
coco
coco
CO
CO
coco
coco
coco
CO
CO
u
0)
>
<
.. ..
if.
CM If)
CO
o
C-^ID
VO
cor^
CM 00
3
CM
r^co
CM^
CM
4->
1 1
1 CO
VC
CM 1
1 ^
ID^
CO F-
1 1
3 CM
r^r—
LD
t o
^00
CM VO
1 1
VO
V.
O.
1 1
1 •
• 1
1 1
1 •
1 1
c
Cl
t 1
1 IT
tr. ID
VC 1
1 VC
VO VO
VO VO
1 1
ID ID
CO
1 CO
CM’r—
f— o
1 1
43*
C/0
^ 43-
• •
■* 1
■
•
•
•
.. ..
>1
oo
CO
00
cco
00 CM
O r-
CC3
CM
r^vo
3LD
co^
LDCO
CO
•
cor^
V3 1
• ^
CM CM
CM ^
1 1
LD
1^0.
CM 1
1 ID
00 CM
voc
1 1
00 ID
p— VO
o
3
u
Oi
• 1
1 •
1 1
1 •
•
1 1
1
3
o^ 1
1 3>
3i Oi
Cl 3)
1 1
Ol Ol
33
O 1
1 o
o
p-CM
1 1
CM CO
•d^
ID
o
<
foro
CO
CO
CO CO
coco
CO CO
coco
«cf
•d«3
*“
''
'■
'
''
’’
..
'
CSJ
o
00 CM
CO 3
VOOl
LD
ID
33
CM ID
CO CM
CM r«*
ro
3
VO
>>
1 ^
cv •
O Oi
1 1
ID
^ CM
^ 1
1 o
3
1
1
00 ID
CO 3
VO 1
1 ro
3.
LD
1 •
• 1
1 1
• 1
1 «
1
1
• 1
1 *
3
1 ^
^ •
^ CO
1 1
CO CO
CO CO
CO 1
1 CO
CM CM
CM CM
1
1
P“ o
O 1
1 o
3
CM
•O'
^ •O'
•d ^
•d^
CO
• • • •
r—
p— r—
p»
>>
10
r— CJ
3
4
5
6
7
8
Oi o
f— CM
CO ^
LD VO
00
0.0
p—
CM
co^
ID VO
r^oo
30
o
o
p- CM
CM CM
CM CM
CM CM
CM CM
CM CO
ro
>
..
<
f— CM VC CO
VO
ID Ol
oc CM
ID CM
3 3
ID
CM
4d CO
3
•
1 1
CO O CM Cl
^ 1
1 ^
CO
VO VO
1 1
3 3
1
1 1
1 9d
Ol—
1 1
o
00
u
1 1
• 1
1 •
1 1
• •
• •
1
1 1
1 •
1 1
0^
1 1
coif)
if) ^
^ 1
1 CO
CO ^
CO CO
1 1
•d CO
CM CM
CO
1
1 1
1 CO •d <-
1 1
CO
c
CO CO CO CO
CO
CO
CO CO
C*'; CO
coco
CO CO
CO
CO
CO CO
CO
CO
r—
1— p-
p-
p—
r«- o
ID LD
VO CM
VO
CM
r—OC
p— ^
3
00
3
00 LD 3 VO
•
CO
i 1
3t VO
CM ID
ID 1
1 VO
f—
r*^
1 1
00 P-
LD
1
1
1 o
p-c CMC
>
1 1
• 1
1 1
1
• 1
1 •
o
VO
1 1
r*- 00
Oi Oi
3 1
1 o
f— o
O 3
1 1
00 3
1
VO 1
1
VO LD
^43*
00
CO CO
CO CO
CO CO
CO
^ CO
CO CO
CO
CO
CO
CO CO
roro
CO
•“ ^
^ p-
*“
p— p-
^ p—
VO CM
CM
f— 00
00 CM
or^o
f— CO
P- LD
3
•
VO
oc 1
1 ^
P- 00
CO oc
1 1
3 OC
o
r*- 1
I
ID CM ID
LD ^
1 1
3 CM
r*-
3
4->
• 1
1 •
1 1
• 1
1
1 1
^ ir>
ID VD VO 1
1 ID
ID ID
ID ID
1 1
ID ID
VO VC
VO 1
1
VO VO VD
VO VO
1 1
LD VO
VO
LD
CO CO
CO CO CO
CO
CO CO
CO CO
CO CO
CO CO
CO
CO CO CO
CO ro
CO CO
CO
ro
>>
P“ r—
p- p-
p* ^
fO
••
Zi
00 CO
Oi
CO
^ 00
CM 3
O 3
LD
o
00 LD
LD
1 1
1 CO ^ iO
1
1 CM
ID Cl
o o
1 1
f—
O CM
ID
1
1
VO 00
CM o
1 1
00
O.
I 1
1 •
• 1
1 •
1 1
1
1 •
1 1
•
Cl
1 1
1 VC VO VO
VC 1
1 ID
CM
ro CM
t 1
P» o'
f— o
3
1
1 3
00 VO
1 1
to
^ ^
«3*
4a- ^
^ •0'
«9- ^ ^ ^
CO
CO
CO CO
CO CO
d-
^ p-
p— p»
o o
CM
ID
Cl
ro «sj-
VO P-
00 3
VD
O ID ^
00 00
VO 00
00
CO
•
LD
CO 1
1 00
ID CM
CM CM
1 1
o ^
3 3
VC 1
1 LD
CM
CO
p- VO
1 1
ID CM
«3- CO
r—
31
1 •
1 1
• 1
1 •
1 1
3
CO 00
O' i
1 00
oc Cl
^ CM
1 1
CM CM
p~ ^
CM 1
1 CM
CO ^ LD ^
1 1
O 3
CO 00
00
ro
<C
CO CO
CO
CO
CO CO
•d- «d*
^ ^ 43-
D ^
^ •d
•d
r“
f—
r- ^
r- r-
f— 1—
p— p—
P“
VO
CM VO
00 CO
Ol
CM
ID CO
P- o
3
O P-
o
CM
00
>>
o>
if)
o
o o
CO p—
CO
ID LD
p» ^
CO
»3- 00
3
CO
3
p—
1 «
• 1
1 1
• 1
1 •
1
1
• 1
1 i
o
3
1 CO
CO 1
^ CO
1 1
CO CO
t— o
O 1
1 ^
»— o o o
1
1
O 3
O CO
00 1
1 00
•-D
1 4J*
^ 1
1 1
^ 1
1 ^
1
1
^ CO
•d CO
CO 1
1 CO
CO
f—
p- r—
*“
f— p-
P” p—
p— p—
O
4->
0)
a
f— CM
CO ^
ID VO
00
3 O
CM CO 43-
LD VO 00 3 O
p"
>
f— CO
3
4
5
6
7
8
3» f—
^ p-
p— CM
CM
CM CM CM
CM CM
CM CM
CM CO
CO
cc
28
January 1985 Horticultural and Tropical Products Division, FAS/IISDA
FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
INTERNAHONM. COFFEE AGREEMENT
COMPOSITE AVERAGE PRICES. FOR COFFEE
1978-1984: COMPARISON WITH
PRICE RANGES UNDER ICO, 1980-1984.
ss.ao-j
J
I
j
HiMLO come raicES am
CALCULATeO BY THE ICO
SO aO'
'Inn’r
JFMAMJJA a OMOJPMAMJJA S OHOJFWAWJJA SOM OJEMAMJJAaONOJFHAMJJASONOJfMAi^JJASONOJFMAMJJASOWO
1970
1979
1990
1991
TBAS
1992
1993
1994
* Th9 ioOleocor prte* lo 9 eo9poslt9 of eho oa-Ooek Mow York snO Haaburg-
prlcoa of "Ochor Nil4 Arabico' «od oa>ooek Now York «nd :iars 9 illos'>
LoHavrs prieao of Robitoco^ypa grooo coffaa* Tha oirOock prica of a coasMOicy
laeludaa cha coses of aaktng cha goods avallabla ac docksida of cho port naaad.
Sooreot Coapliod fro« ICO data raporeod by eho U.S. Oopareaane of Agrl-
euleuro and eho U.S* Oapareaaae of Coaaoreo.
Prepared by the Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress
29
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Horticultural and Tropical Products Division circular release dates for 1985
are as follows:
January 8 Horticultural Products Review
15 World Coffee Situation
February 8 Horticultural Products Review
March 6 World Cocoa Situation
8 Horticultural Products Review
15 World Tobacco Situation
April 8 Horticultural Products Review
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25 World Cocoa Situation
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15 World Sugar and Molasses Situation
December 9 Horticultural Products Review
